فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال دهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1400)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise on CAF and some sarcopenia factors in CABG patients.

Twenty-four CABG middle-aged men participated in this study. Then, participants were randomly divided into two groups of 12-individuals of combination exercise group (mean age 54.58 ±6.47 years, height 173.04 ±3.15 cm and weight 74.75 ±6.60 kg) and control group (mean age 50.70 ±7.70 years, height 173.50 ±3.69 cm and mean weight of 76.16 ±5.23 kg). Anthropometric indices and serum CAF and IGF-1 blood parameters were prepared and analyzed before and after the training. The eight-week combined exercise program was conducted in three sessions with the supervision of cardiac rehabilitation specialists. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test and significant level was considered less than 0.05.

In combined exercise group, serum levels of CAF and IGF-1 significantly increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p<0.001). Also, after exercise, serum levels of CAF (p<0.001) and IGF-1 (p=0.017) in patients in the combined exercise group were significantly higher than the control group. While serum levels of CAF (p=0.365) and IGF-1 (p=0.679) before training did not differ significantly between the two groups.

A short-term combination training in CABG patients increased CAF but no change in IGF-1 levels. Further research is needed to determine whether CAF or IGF-1 biomarkers can reflect the muscle quality of adaptation.

Since changes in body alignment cause an impairment of motor skills, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genu varum on the kinetics of running in anticipated and unanticipated conditions.30 elite male soccer players (two groups of genu varum and normal) were recruited in this semi-experimental study. The data of ground reaction force was collected by two force plates during running.The results showed that vertical ground reaction force and loading rate were significantly greater in genu varum group compared with normal group in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions (p≤0.05). Also, time to peak of vertical ground reaction force in unanticipated condition was longer than anticipated condition (p≤0.05). There was no significant different between groups and conditions in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral GRF, time to peak of anterior-posterior GRF, vertical and propulsive impulse and contact time (p>0.05).According to the results, it seems that kinetics of running of soccer players can be affected by genu varum and anticipation.

The purpose of this study is to rehabilitate people with quadriplegia as a result of complete cervical spine injure (CCSI). Given the limitations of today's wheelchairs, a model for patients with CCSI who are unable to use joystick wheelchairs or move conventional wheelchairs manually is designed here to overcome these limitations. In this regard, a disabled person can move the wheelchair without the need for another person, just by moving his head.

In order to have an initial model similar to a wheelchair, we made a wooden back support and seat that has a length of 25, a width of 23 and a height of 26 cm. There are two 7 cm aluminum wheels on either side of the replica for movement and two idler ball wheels to maintain balance at the rear and front. The movement of the prototype‎ backward and forward and its left and right rotation are controlled by four infrared transmitter sensors and four corresponding receivers installed in appropriate places around the prototype. Using the sensors installed on the replica, the movement of the disabled’s head in any of the four directions causes one of the receiver sensors to react and the wheelchair to move in the expected direction.

All electronic circuits and mechanical parts required for information processing and application of control commands to the wheelchair were designed and implemented by the parts available in the Iranian Market Achievement of the expected performance by the designed model based on practical tests is confirmed. Therefore, this design has the capability to become an industrial prototype.

The results of this project can be used to add intelligent movement control to conventional wheelchairs in an easy and economical manner.

Wrestling is one of the oldest competitive sports and has two styles including freestyle and western. One of the most important pillars of the human body is the spine. The most important spinal disorders are: forward head, torticollis, kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of torticollis and scoliosis in elite freestyle wrestlers with cauliflower ears.The present study was a descriptive-analytical study. The subjects of the study were 120 elite male freestyle wrestlers who were in Tehran clubs with an average age of 24.65±4.39 years, weight of 75.31±11.38 kg, height 174.65±4.3 cm and sports history 9.80±2.63. To evaluate the degree of torticollis by photogrammetric method Corel X6 software was used. To evaluate the slope of scoliosis with the help of a researcher-made scoliometer mobile application was employed in Shahid Sabouri Club, 17th district of Tehran. In data analysis, the mean degrees of torticollis and scoliosis were estimated by calculating the 95% confidence interval. In addition, the data were analyzed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square at a level of 5% error using version 24 of SPSS software.The mean neck slope was 5.68 degrees (with a 95% confidence interval of 5.22-6.15) and the mean spine slope was 3.02 degrees (with a 95% confidence interval of 2.84-3.21). A significant relationship was observed between the superior hand and foot with the fracture side of the ear and the deviation side in the spine (p <0.001).Considering that torticollis causes unequal shoulder on the same side, scoliosis occurs in the lower segment on the same side. Elite wrestlers have strong muscles in the neck and shoulder girdle, so the corrective exercises of these two sections can be used in amateur wrestlers to prevent these two complications.

Auditory-verbal working memory is the ability to learn, retain, and recall syllables and words. Rey auditory – verbal learning test is one of the common and popular methods to evaluate auditory – verbal memory. Age and education are demographic factors affecting this parameter. The purpose of this study was to investigate these factors on the results of the Persian version of the test.

This descriptive, analytic study was performed on 50 women aged 40-60 years with normal hearing at two age groups (25 women 40 to 49 years old and 25 women 50 to 59 years old), who were selected by convenience sampling method using the Persian version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning test.

A significant correlation was observed between the mean of total recall score, recall after interference score, and delayed score at women 40 to 49 years old (p< 0.01). Also there was a significant positive correlation between education and these scores (p< 0.01).

According to the results of this study, it seems that the beginning of decrement changes in memory occurs before the aging, which necessitates the need to consider and take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of inability in the elderly more and more. Furthermore, education can be considered as a major demographic characteristic on this test.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the myelinated axons of the central nervous system causing neurological deterioration. People with this disease have low functional capacity, physical ability, balance and quality of life due to the symptoms. There are a variety of treatments for managing symptoms other than medication. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selective MELT exercises on balance, speed of walking, quality of life and expanded disability status scale in women with multiple sclerosis.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 women with MS were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients, experimental (with mean and standard deviation of age, 42.5 ± 1.8 years, height 168.5 ± 10.6 cm and weight, 72.7 ± 10.6 kg) and control (With mean and standard deviation of age, 39.8 ± 2.06 years, height 166.6 ± 08.08 cm and weight, 71.04 ± 11.2 kg). The MELT selected training program were included various exercises to release myofascial tissue, eight weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week and 1 hour each session. In addition, static and dynamic balance with foot scanner, walking speed by distance traveled 8 meters, quality of life using MSQOL-54 quality of life questionnaire, and the result of expanded disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS) was evaluated by a neurologist. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance test at the mean level of p <0. 05.

The results showed that in the experimental group, static balance (p=0.024), dynamic (p=0.004), walking speed (p=0.001) and quality of life (p=0.001) after eight weeks improved while the Extended Physical Impairment Scale (EDSS) did not change between the two groups.

Considering the specificity of MELT exercises and the effect of these exercises on the release of patients' myofacial tissue, it seems that the exercise program used in the present study can be used as a therapeutic intervention to improve static and dynamic balance, walking speed and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis. However, due to the lack of research in this field, further research on the effect of these exercises in patients with multiple sclerosis is recommended.

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition. People with autism have difficulty with social skills such as joint attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback on joint attention and brain electrical activity in 6 to 8 year-old boys with autism.

Thirty boys with high functioning autism in the age range of 6-8 years were selected and randomly assigned into one of the neurofeedback and control groups. The neurofeedback group received alpha increase (8-12 Hz), decrease theta (5-8 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) for 30 hours of neurofeedback intervention. Each training session lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. The control group received the same amount of simulated intervention. In the two stages of pre and post intervention, the participants' joint attention was measured by the initial social communication scale. Also, EEG were recorded for each participant for 5 minutes in two stages pre and post-test to compare the changes of alpha, theta and beta waves. A mixed-design ANOVA 2 (group) x 4 (phases: pre-test, post-test, short-term follow-up and long-term follow-up) and ANCOVA was used to analyze and evaluate the effect of the intervention program on participants' post-test scores and their pre-test entered as covariate variable. Statistical tests were performed by SPSS software version 23.

The statistical results showed that the neurofeedback group improved in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Also, there was a significant difference in the joint attention index between two groups in the post-test (p <0.05). In addition, participants in the neurofeedback group were able to make the desired changes in alpha, theta and beta waves compared to the control group at rest (p <0.05).

According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that non-invasive intervention programs such as neurofeedback can improve the joint attention of children with high functioning autism.

Overweight and obesity may be associated with the flat foot deformity or an aggravating factor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical parameters of the soles of the feet of young overweight girls compared to normal individuals during postural control.                                                                                             

The statistical sample consisted of 44 female students with a mean body mass index of 26.78±1.67 and 21.35±1.38 as overweight (n=22) and normal groups (n=22). Anthropometric characteristics and plantar indices were recorded using a camera pedoscope during postural stability. Independent t-test was used to compare intergroup results and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation of Body mass index (BMI) with biomechanical parameters of the foot. Tests were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software version 24.

The overweight group compared with the control group had significant difference in the parameters of arch width, Staheli index of right and left foot and Chipax-Smirak index of right and left foot (p>0.05). The correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and biomechanical parameters of the sole of the foot in all areas showed a positive and significant relationship (p>0.05), with the strongest correlation between BMI and left Staheli Index (SIL) (r=0.638 and p=0.001).

The findings of the present study has emphasized that obesity can affect the biomechanical parameters of the sole of the foot and may exacerbate or reduce the arch of the sole. Therefore, these abnormalities should be prevented from an early age, with weight control.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a common type of musculoskeletal disorder of the knee with a variety of therapeutic approaches, including surgery, kinesio taping, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, orthosis, and prosthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the examination of strengths exercise performed on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome with emphasis on muscle weakness.

The present article is a narrative review that with a systematic electronic search of databases (Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Magiran PubMed and ISC) applied to download related articles from 2010 to 2020. Keywords were “Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome”, “Strength Training”, and “Proximal Training for PFPS”.

After reviewing 324 articles, 64 related articles on exercise therapy were found. After reviewing the articles in terms of the quality of the paper, 17 articles that reviewed the strengthening exercise program looked at muscle weakness in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome, selected and their effect on improving pain and performance in people with patellar pain were investigated.

Strengths exercise has been shown to be effective in improving pain and performance in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome, but exercise that not only strengthens the muscles in the knee area but also strengthens the muscles in the lumbar-pelvic girdle showed more improvement than exercises that only focused on strengthening of the muscles of the knee joint.

The forward head is one of the most common defective postures that causes muscle imbalance in the neck area. In this anomaly, the center of gravity of the head shifts forward and increases the torque force on the spine and neck joints. The present study is a review of the effect of training protocols in correcting forward head deformities.

From internal and external search engines (e.g. Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, PubMed, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Doaj with time limit between 2015 to 2019 and keywords, Protocol, Corrective Exercise, Forward Head Posture for search engines External. The present study was a systematic review of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. 

A total of 11 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria from 250 searched articles. These studies mainly examined the effect of training protocols on the amount of forward angle of the head, people with head forward.

According to the research results, correction exercises are a simple, effective and non-invasive method to correct forward head deformity, therefore therapists can use these exercises as a suitable training protocol in correcting forward head angle.